磺酰脲类药物治疗新生儿糖尿病的研究新进展 点击下载
论文标题: 磺酰脲类药物治疗新生儿糖尿病的研究新进展
英文标题:
中文摘要: 新生儿糖尿病(NDM)是一种罕见的单基因遗传病,主要由KCNJ11和ABCC8基因突变导致胰岛素分泌不足引起。磺酰脲类药物(以格列本脲为代表)通过精准关闭突变的胰岛β细胞ATP敏感性钾通道,恢复胰岛素分泌,已成为治疗NDM的标准疗法。临床研究证实,磺酰脲类药物可使超过90%的患者成功从终身胰岛素注射治疗成功转换为口服药物治疗,从而实现长期稳定的血糖控制,并能一定程度地改善神经系统预后。在安全性方面,磺酰脲类药物出现严重低血糖事件较为罕见,胃肠道反应轻微,长期治疗耐受性良好,且对儿童生长发育无不利影响。未来通过进一步完善“快速基因诊断-早期干预-研发专用剂型-长期随访”的全链条管理路径,磺酰脲类药物的临床应用有望为NDM患者提供最优化的治疗方案和最大化的健康获益。
英文摘要: Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare monogenic disorder primarily caused by insufficient insulin secretion resulting from mutations in the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes. Sulfonylureas, represented by glibenclamide, have become the standard therapy for this type of NDM by precisely closing the mutated ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β cells, thereby restoring insulin secretion. Clinical studies confirm that sulfonylureas enable over 90% of patients to successfully transition from insulin to oral treatment, achieving long-term stable glycemic control and improving neurological outcomes to a certain extent. In terms of safety, severe hypoglycemia induced by sulfonylureas is relatively rare and gastrointestinal reactions are mild; moreover, sulfonylureas show good long-term tolerability, and have no adverse effects on child growth and development. In the future, by further refining the full-chain management pathway of “rapid genetic diagnosis-early intervention-specialized dosage forms-long-term follow-up”, the clinical application of sulfonylureas is expected to provide NDM patients with an optimized treatment regimen and maximize their health benefits.
期刊: 2026年第37卷第09期
作者: 胡小燕;向金波;朱晓霞;李政;曹婷婷;丁婷;徐自然;李静波;杨友均
英文作者: HU Xiaoyan, XIANG Jinbo,ZHU Xiaoxia,LI Zheng,CAO Tingting,DING Ting,XU Ziran,LI Jingbo,YANG Youjun
关键字: 新生儿糖尿病;磺酰脲类;格列本脲;基因突变;KCNJ11基因;ABCC8基因
KEYWORDS: neonatal diabetes mellitus; sulfonylureas; glibenclamide; gene mutation; KCNJ11 gene; ABCC8 gene
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